The terms “force” and “exertion” are often used interchangeably in everyday use, but from a technical ergonomics perspective are different. See note on gender-based strength differences. Grip strength anthropometry provides some reference points for comparison. Pinch forces can be estimated in the same way, using a pinch gauge. Nonetheless, useful data can be obtained in this fashion. This technique is dependent on the employee’s ability to mimic the effort and is only approximate. The number of samples required depends upon the use of the data and the variance observed. Usually, after a few attempts and among several employees, a rough estimate emerges. Repeat several times and average the results.Record the result, have them do the task again to remind them of how much effort the task requires, then try the gauge once again.The goal is to mimic on the hand dynamometer the effort used, for example, to squeeze a pliers. Have one or two employees squeeze the device with the same amount of exertion they normally use to do the task.However, rough estimates of grip forces can be made by using a hand dynamometer, which are often available in medical clinics, particularly those that specialize in hand disorders. Usually, such measurements are only done in laboratory situations and not in the workplace. There are no common standards for hand grip exertion because of the difficulty in obtaining measurements. Other similar types of spring scales may also be available that can be used for heavier loads. Fish scale only pull, and do not push, but with some creativity, many forces can be measured. and the need for a force gauge is infrequent. It is possible to use an inexpensive fish scale (available in sporting goods stores or departments) if the loads are <50 lbs. Furthermore, with some ingenuity, the end pieces can be adapted (or customized by a workplace machine shop) and used for many applications. These gauges come with a variety of end pieces, including hooks that can be used for pulling. For push and pull forces, an easy-to-use force gauge is needed. Many loads referenced above are easily measured with common scales. The design of manual handling tasks: Revised tables of maximum acceptable weights and forces. For additional parameters such as different heights and segments of the population, refer to the complete table* (commonly referred to as the “Snook tables”). These limits are based on two assumptions: (1) the criterion is ninety percent of the female population able to perform at this level without excessive strain, and (2) the data assume the load is handled at about waist height. The Sustained Force needed to keep the object in motion. The Initial Force to start the load in motion.The Distance that the load will be moved.The following table provides limits that incorporate additional variables: The above guidelines provide several limits that apply to push, pull, and carry. * Auto industry guidelines Push, pull, carry guidelines Maximum two-handed vertical downward pull Palm Buttons - eliminate where feasible, otherwise: Maximum extended full arm horizontal lateral force Maximum small lot container weight (incl. Maximum two-handed carry (no vertical travel distance) (Most items apply to sustained work) Maximum two-handed lift (with vertical travel distance)
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